| Definition |
Copying the entire DNA molecule to produce two identical DNA molecules. |
Synthesizing RNA from a DNA template. |
Producing a protein (polypeptide chain) from mRNA. |
| Purpose |
To create two identical DNA molecules. |
To produce mRNA for protein synthesis. |
To build proteins needed by the cell. |
| Template Used |
DNA |
DNA |
mRNA |
| Final Product |
Two identical double-stranded DNA molecules. |
Single-stranded RNA (usually mRNA). |
Polypeptide chain (protein). |
| Key Enzymes / Components |
Helicase, DNA polymerase, Ligase |
RNA polymerase |
Ribosome, tRNA, translation factors |
| Location in Eukaryotic Cells |
Nucleus |
Nucleus |
Cytoplasm (at ribosomes) |
| Nature of Process |
Semi-conservative: each new DNA has one original strand. |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |